I started building different town/sector type things each with a certain type of job category- food, goods, ores, etc- and I've put plenty of housing and jobs available in each area but my colonists will live in one place and then take a job in another town and then start protesting that they have such a long commute. They also lose health and end up dying even though I have hospitals. Is there any way to fix this? :/
Colonists choose a job first, then housing. There is also a firedrill option when you get a high enough level consulate/capital building. The firedrill fires everyone from their jobs and evicts them from their homes so that they choose new jobs, then new housing.
Now.. that being said, with colonist rendering turned off in the engine settings commute has little effect on colonist health and happiness.